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What is Monsoon?

Monsoon is a complete reversal of winds over a large area leading to a change of seasons. The monsoon winds carry water and monsoon rains give us happiness and for the farmers in our country monsoon means life. The word monsoon is derived from the Arabic word ‘Mausim’ which literally means season. Monsoon refers to the seasonal reversal in the wind direction during a year.

मानसून शब्द की व्युत्पत्ति अरबी शब्द ‘मौसिम’ से हुई है, जिसका शाब्दिक अर्थ मौसम होता हैं |

What Causes The Indian Monsoon?

Cause of monsoon in India, the low-pressure condition over the northern plains intensifies in the month of June and It attracts the trade winds of the southern hemisphere. The monsoon arrives at the southern tip of Kerala by the first week of June and monsoon reached Mumbai about ten days later on approximately the 10th of June.

भारत में मानसून का महत्त्व |

सालाना बारिश में मॉनसून की हिस्सेदारी 70% हैं 50% आबादी कृषि, सहायक गतिविधियों
पर निर्भर जबकि 65 करोड़ लोगों का भाग्य मॉनसून पर निर्भर करता हैं पिछले 50 साल में औसत मॉनसूनी बारिश 89 सेमी रही हैं और 2017 में औसत का क़रीब 95% बारिश हुई हैं |

Quiz On Indian Monsoon In Hindi Part -1

Theory of Indian Monsoon

1. Sun changes position
2.Due to Coriolis effect
3. The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
4. Jet Stream

Sun changes position during summers, its rays directly fall over Tropic of Cancer and very low pressure builds in the Thar Desert or north-west part of India. Center of excessive low pressure created in north-western part pulls south-east trade winds blowing into the southern hemisphere and tradewinds blow between northern and southern hemispheres.

The direction of these trade winds is from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere and from the southeast in the Southern Hemisphere and to fill low-pressure areas in India, southeast trade winds cross the equator and enter as South-west monsoon winds.

मानसून के दूसरे सिद्धांत के अनुसार पृथ्वी पर सूर्य की किरणें साल भर एक ही स्थान पर लंबवत नहीं रहता हैं भारत के मध्य भाग से गुजरता हुआ आईटीसी सेट यानी इंटर ट्रॉपिकल कन्वर्जन से जून तक का उत्तर भारत के ऊपर आ जाता है इसके चलते मध्य भाग में चलने वाली भूमध्यरेखीय पछुआ हवाएं भारत पहुंचने लगती है क्योंकि यह हवाएं समुद्र से आती है इसलिए से भरपूर होने के कारण भारत में पहुंचकर वर्षा करती है

Due to Coriolis effect, southeast trade winds are deflected east in Northern Hemisphere, transforming into southwest trade winds and south-west monsoon winds are moisture-laden as they blow over the oceans and trigger rains.

Monsoon categorized into Arabian Sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch, Arabian Sea branch causes rains in the West coast and the Western Ghats. Bay of Bengal branch hits Arakan Yoma Mountains of Myanmar and then turns back and causes rains in north-eastern and eastern part of India and heads towards the Gangetic Plains.

During summer months in the Northern Hemisphere, the ITCZ shifts north, pulling southwest monsoon winds onto the land from the sea and the huge landmass of the Himalayas restricts the low-pressure zone onto the Himalayas. When Tibetan Plateau heats up more than the Himalayas the ITCZ abruptly and swiftly shifts north and leads to the bursting of monsoon rains over the Indian subcontinent.

The reverse shift takes place for the northeast monsoon winds, leading to a second, minor burst of rainfall over the eastern Indian Peninsula during the Northern Hemisphere winter months.

मानसून की उत्पत्ति में एक बड़ा कारण जेट स्ट्रीम हवाएं |

मानसून की उत्पत्ति में एक बड़ा कारण जेट स्ट्रीम हवाएं भी हैं इसके 2 भाग है पूर्वी जेट स्ट्रीम और पश्चिमी जेट स्ट्रीम जेट विमानों की उड़ान में सहायक होने के कारण इन्हें जेट स्ट्रीम नाम दिया गया हैं

सर्दियों के मौसम में भारत या एशिया के ऊपर पछुआ जेट स्ट्रीम बहती है जब तक पछुआ जेट स्ट्रीम भारत के ऊपर प्रवाहित होती तब तक भारत पर उचित दाब बना रहता है और वह धरातलीय वायु को ऊपर उठने से रोकता है इसके चलते मानसूनी पवनें भारत की ओर आकर्षित नहीं होती लेकिन गर्मियों में पछुआ जेट स्ट्रीम उत्तर की ओर खिसक जाती है और भारत के ऊपर पूर्वी जेट स्ट्रीम बहने लगती है पूर्वी जेट स्ट्रीम के कारण उत्तर पश्चिम की धरातलीय हवा ऊपर की ओर उठने लगती है और उच्च निम्न दाब का निर्माण हो जाता है जिसे भरने के लिए मॉनसून हवा भारत की ओर आने लगती है इसके साथ ही मानसून का आगमन भी भारत में हो जाता है

Jetstream winds have been divided into two part first is Eastern and Western Jet Stream.

Western Jet Stream blows over India or Asia When Western Jet Stream blows over India, high pressure remains on India and it prevents the surface air from rising In winters. Monsoon winds do not come to India. Western Jet Stream slips towards north and eastern jet stream blows over Indian summer.

Eastern jet stream causes surface hot winds in north-west part to rising upward and this builds low-pressure area which fills by monsoon winds, start moving towards India. this causes the onset of monsoon in India.

मॉनसून कैसे आता हैं |

तापीय सिद्धांत
व्यापारिक पवनें उत्तरी और दक्षिणी गोलाद्ध के बीच में प्रवाहित यह उत्तरी गोलार्द्ध में उत्तर-पूर्व की ओर और दक्षिणी गोलार्द्ध में दक्षिण-पूर्व की ओर जब दक्षिण-पूर्वी व्यापारिक पवनें भूमध्य या विषुवत रेखा को पार कर दक्षिण-पश्चिमी मॉनसूनी हवाओं के रूप में भारत में प्रवेश करती हैं।
विषुवत रेखा पार करने के बाद कोरियोलिस बल के कारण इनकी दिशा बदलकर दक्षिण-पश्चिमी हो जाती है। दक्षिण-पश्चिमी मॉनसूनी पवनें नमी से भरी होने के कारण भारत पहुँचकर वर्षा करती हैं।

Types of Monsoon

1. Summer Monsoon
2.Winter Monsoon
3.Asian-Australian Monsoon
4. North American Monsoon

Summer Monsoon
Humid climate and torrential rainfall in countries like India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar brought about by summer monsoon.

Winter Monsoon
From October to April”Dry winter monsoon blows from the northeast and this is Less powerful than summer monsoons in SE Asia. Himalayan range prevents wind, moisture from reaching the coast and Himalayas also prevent cool air from reaching South India, Sri Lanka.

Asian-Australian Monsoon
-Stretches from North Australia to Russian Pacific coast.
-Monsoon wind system stretches into the Indian Ocean.

North American Monsoon
North American Monsoon Happens once a year, usually in mid-summer with moist air from the Gulf of California blows northeast while moist air from the Gulf of Mexico blows northwest.

Gk Quiz On Indian Monsoon Part -2

What Is The Important of the Monsoon In India?

In India Irrigation covers only about 33% of the cultivated area and crop production in rest of the cultivated land directly depends on monsoon rainfall. The poor performance of south-west Monsoon also adversely affects the supply of canal water for irrigation.

What Is The Monsoon Means In India?

Monsoon is the backbone of Indian agriculture and rains in India are largely due to the monsoons. 75% of Agriculture in India is dependent on rain, Good monsoons mean adequate rain and bountiful crops such as rice which helps Indian people to feed. the arrival of the monsoon winds providing water for agricultural.

Kharif crops are grown on the arrival of monsoon in different parts of India Important crops grown during this season are Maize, Jowar, Paddy, Cotton, Jute, Groundnut and Soyabean Bajra, Arhar, Moong, Urad. Rice is a staple food for the overwhelming majority of the population in India it is also grown in Monsoon season.

What Is The Cycle Of A Monsoon?

The cycle of monsoon starts every year in India by early June because low air pressure intensifies in northern plains and It attracts the trade winds of the southern hemisphere and wind bring abundant moisture to the subcontinent.

The monsoon starts withdrawing gradually from the Northern Plains during October-November, a low-pressure trough over the northern plains becomes weaker by time. This is gradually replaced by a high-pressure system with the apparent motion of the sun towards the south direction.

How Long Is A Monsoon?

Monsoon starts in the month of June and the withdrawal of the monsoon begins in northwestern states of India by early September almost for four months monsoon season cover the sky. three are three more seasons recognised in India first is Cold Weather Season for December to February second Hot Weather Season March to May and third is Autumn.

Which Part Of India Gets The Monsoon First?

The southern part of India gest the first monsoon effect and pre-monsoon showers come in Kerala Or monsoon help in the early ripening of mangoes.

Gk Quiz On Indin Monsoon In Hindi Part-3

Which Monsoon Brings More Rain To India?

South-west monsoon brings more rainfall and the time of withdrawing of monsoon Western Ghats receives very heavy rainfall, more than 250 cm. These monsoon winds are strong and blow at an average velocity of 30 km per hour and cover the country in about a month. The maximum rainfall of this monsoon is received in the north-eastern part of India. Mawsynram in the southern ranges of the Khasi Hills receives and this place created a record “highest average rainfall in the world.”

Mawsynram, the wettest place on the earth is also reputed for its stalagmite and stalactite caves.

Monsoon is the axis where the life cycle of all India moving because 64 % of India’s population depends on farming for fertility, which is mainly based on the southwest monsoon.