Now, when you go out to buy a new SIM card OR open a new bank account in India. you will not just be asked to share your Aadhaar number and authenticate yourself to give your fingerprints, you will also be required to get a picture of your face for authentication.

The UIDAI is introducing the Aadhaar face recognition technology to Aadhaar authentication making the process more inclusive and also coming the possibility of fingerprint spoofing or cloning.

The Unique Identification Authority of India has announced a new measure that seeks to mandate facial recognition for every authentication that requires Aadhaar. The authentication will happen by taking on the spot pictures in addition to the regular authentication process that identifies an individual based on fingerprints all and iris scan.

Statement Of Ajay Bhushan Panday Ceo (UIDAI) On New Rule

Along with the fingerprint, the face is also will be captured at this service point and then the authentication will happen because now the fingerprint is coming along with the face so even if the fingerprint is a little weaker, the UID face authentication is possible. for this is what we have introduced and hopefully with this, the people who use to have problems getting access to the service, for example, opening bank account Getting their pensions, Getting their PDS ration and various other services,which they used to have difficulty in accessing this both services because of weeker fingerprints now through the Aadhaar face authentication they will have very minimal problem so it improves inclusion.

According to CEO of UIDAI that Several years back in order to access your bank account you needed only username and password. now in over the period of time, most of the banks have gone for your second-factor authentication. that if you want to transfer money then you have OTP which comes to your mobile and then you enter the OTP to verification. in addition to password there is one more Factor authentication Similarly in Aadhaar authentication is to happen with the Aadhaar number and the fingerprint now along with that face’s picture also will be required

According to UIDAI About Aadhaar Face Authentication

According to UIDAI, the new authentication process will be rolled out in a phased manner. initially, it would be mandated for providers of SIM cards, telecom companies, Telecom operators be directed that with effect from the 15th of September this year.

at least 10% of the total monthly authentication transactions should be performed using facial recognition. any shortfall in transactions using UIDAI face authentication would pay the penalty 20 paise per transaction.

UIDAI has proposed two-factor authentication for use of Aadhaar face recognition by telecom companies. where an individual provides Aadhaar number authentication will be done using fingerprint OR Iris and face. For individuals providing virtual ID, authentication can be on the basis of fingerprint or Iris print.

UIDAI also said in cases where an individual is unable to authenticate fingerprint or iris, Aadhaar face authentication can be used as an additional mode to make the system more inclusive.

How will the UIDIA’s Aadhaar face authentication happen?

• The measure involved clicking the photo of Aadhar user and then sending that photo along with the fingerprint OR iris scan of the person to UIDAI server.
• The servers then verify the details on its database and send a confirmation regarding The authenticity of the person.
• UIDAI said this authentication process is very sophisticated and will not be impacted by changes to a person’s face.

The measure comes at a time The Supreme Court is yet to decide whether the use of Aadhar can be made mandatory for services such as mobile sim card, banks, insurance policy etc. objections have been raised on the mandatory usage of Aadhar prompting in the apex court make it voluntary until it takes the final decision on the matter.

Benefits Of UIDAI Face Recognition Technology

While facial recognition technology is being here that the major boost, police and security agencies in identifying criminals and terrorist.concerns of raised over the privacy issues and date leak. here they look at the advantages and disadvantages of using facial recognition Technology.

Facial recognition Technology helped catch its first-time poster in Washington Dulles International Airport on Thursday. just 3 days after the airport started using it. the 26-year-old man from Brazil was caught trying to enter the US with a French passport.

The technology reveals that the man was not the same as the picture in the passport. he was later found to be a citizen of the Republic of Congo. in June this year the US Federal Bureau of Investigation identified 34-year-old Jarrod Ramos as a suspect in the shooting incident at a local newspaper in Maryland using facial recognition Technology.

The US Department of the state operates one of the largest face recognition systems in the world with a database of 117 million American and often helping the FBI in identifying a crucial suspect. the facial recognition technology is more famous as a security feature in smartphones computers and Robotics but its most crucial use is international policy and national security.

• Facial recognition Technology can help police and security Agency is identified, terrorist and criminals.
• it also acts as a final check to stop terrorists and criminals from fleeing or entering the country.
• The technology eliminates the possibility of someone using a genuine document issued to someone else.
• It also speeds up the process of making fresh passport immigration.
• Facial recognition is useful in finding missing people.
• The technology helps the visually impaired people by telling them the names of people around them.
• Many companies use it to channel products to the most likely users by monitoring buying interest and facial expressions while suffering a shopping app.
• What the facial recognition technology is still evolving, civil concerns are being raised, especially with Amazon launching its own facial recognition project making the technology easily available to everyone.

UIDIA’s Aadhaar Face Authentication Disadvantage

• Human Rights organisations fear that facial recognition could lead to mass surveillance.
• Biases reported in the performance of several face recognition Technology.
• Civil rights claim the technology poses of threats to minority communities and immigrant.
• Privacy concerns are also being raised by the activists at many places globally.
• Facial data is stored on service it is susceptible to attacks by hackers who can use this data for cybercrime or misidentification it could make major trouble for the people.

The Technology Sector is working overtime to address many of these issues. however, till these glitches are removed concerns of a data theft and privacy intrusion will continue to be raised.

Technology Behind Facial Recognition & How It Will Be Use For Aadhar Authentication.

The facial recognition Technology analyses the characteristics of a person’s face, taking note of its unique features called the nodal point.

Humans have always had the innate ability to recognise and distinguish between faces yet it is only recently that computers have shown the same ability. in mid-1960, scientist began work on using the computer to recognise human faces since then facial recognition software has come a long way.

There are multiple methods in which facial recognition systems work but in general, they were by comparing selected facial features from a given image with faces within a database.

In order for the software to work, it has to know how to differentiate between a face and the rest of the background. facial recognition software is based on the ability to recognise the face and then measure the various features of that face.

Face recognition algorithms can be divided into two main approaches, geometric which looks at distinguishing features or photometric which is a statistical approach that distils an image into values and compares those values with templates to eliminate variances.

Earlier facial recognition software relied on a 2D image to compare or identify another 2D image from the database. in most instances the images were not taken in a controlled environment, even the smallest changes in light or orientation could reduce the effectiveness of the system so they could not be matched to any face in the database and leading to a high failure rate. this created quite a problem.

The latest development in the facial recognition software uses a 3D model. claiming to provide more accuracy, in order to create a real-time 3D image the technology uses distinctive features of the face. every face has numerous distinguishable landmarks the different peaks and valleys that make up facial features.

The software-defined these landmarks as nodal points with each human face having approximately 18 nodal points, some of these points measured by the software includes the distance between the eyes with of the nose, depth of the eye sockets, the shape of the cheekbones and the length of the jawline. these nodal points are measured creating a numerical code call the face print, represent in the face in the database.

There are several ways face recognition software can be design, however, most of them have this three main stages-detection, alignment and recognition.

Detection

• Determines the location and size of human faces in digital images.
• Acquiring an image can be accomplished by digitally scanning an existing photograph or by using a video image to acquire a live picture of a subject.

Alignment

• The system determines the head position size and pose.
• The subject has the potential to be recognised up to 90° while with 2D the head must be turned at least 35 degrees towards the camera.

Recognition

• The actual is the classification of the detected aligned and normalised faces into known identities.
• Basically, it answers the question of who is it?

Verification

There is a verification process as well and an image is matched to only one image in the database.

The primary users of facial recognition software have been law enforcement Agencies till now to use the system to capture random faces in crowd but there are many more situations where the software is becoming popular as the systems become less expensive their uses also becoming more widespread they are now compatible with cameras and computers that are already in use at banks and airport.

As with many developing Technologies The Incredible potential of facial recognition comes with some drawbacks but manufacturers are striving to enhance the usability and accuracy of the systems.

The most debate around the Unique Identification Authority of India and Aadhar, focus on privacy concerns. security of the database and on the legality of making Aadhaar mandatory but even if these three concerns shorted out but there are other concerns that need immediate attention. let’s look at some other concerns.

The Aadhar card number is a 12 digit number issued by the UIDAI to citizens of India after satisfying the verification process laid down by the authorities. this eliminates duplicates and fake identities and serves as a basis or primary identifier. while promoting transparency and good governance. Aadhar project is one of the significant projects in India to bring the universal trend of digital innovation.

The government recently made Aadhaar Card mandatory for many government application but concerns over privacy, security and the legality.

Aadhaar Card Challenges

• They include the risk of the individual as well as the government If the data is insecure
• Since Aadhar Card contains both demographic and biometric data.
• The government has been linking every welfare Or national scholarship scheme and benefit to Aadhar card.
• From the day Aadhar project has started, there have been incidents where the Aadhar Card has been considered invalid due to various factors.
• For the in a country, wherein literacy under rural Lifestyle predominate, using Aadhar Card has it’s dangerous.
• Also, the Aadhaar project is being handled by a private company that was chosen after winning a round of options, companies that could compromise the privacy of individuals.
• Then there are also problems arising due to centralisation.individual information getting compromised, misuse in banking transactions not being an address proof or proof of citizenship and the fact that Aadhar Card alone is not an ID.

In an attempt to address the privacy concerns, the UIDAI in January introduced a new concept of virtual ID. that a holder can generate from its website and give for various purposes including sim verification instead of sharing the actual 12 digits biometric Aadhaar ID.

History Of Aadhaar Card In India

The first Aadhar Card was issued in 2010 and the idea to create a unique number of each and every Indian resident started way back in 2006.

Unique Identification Authority of India or UIDAI is a statutory authority established under the Aadhaar targeted delivery of financial another subsidies, benefits and services act 2016.

It was launched on the 12th of July 2016 under the ministry of Electronics and information technology. Aadhar was intended to provide good governance, efficient, transparent and targeted delivery of subsidies, benefits and services to Indian by assigning them a Unique Identity Number.

Another objective of Aadhaar end duplicate and fake identities in welfare schemes and flood relief and check corruption. the idea was first mooted in the first term of the UPA government by the planning commission.

In 2006, Department of Information Technology Ministry of Communications and information technology give administrative approval for a scheme to issue unique ID for below poverty line family. its pilot project was developed by IT company Wipro.

At the same time, the government was also working on creating the National Population register and the multipurpose National identification card.

• In December 2006, it constituted an Empire group of ministers to create the two schemes: the National Population register under the citizenship act 1955 and the UID scheme.
• On 28 January 2008, the group of empowered ministers give a go-ahead for setting up UIDAI under the planning commission.
• The proposal was finally approved by the Council of Ministers in November 2008.
• In July 2009, with the recommendation from the Council of Ministers, the government appointed Nandan Nilekani as the chairman of UIDAI for 5 years.
• Under the UIDAI enrolment biometric information like photographs, 10 fingerprints and two iris scan of individuals are collected and stored in a centralised database.
• The first UID number was issued on 29 September 2010 to a resident of Maharashtra.
• As a February 2018 more than 89% of the total has been issued Aadhaar number making it the world’s largest biometric ID.

Today we are remembering world-famous physicist and mathematician Stephen Hawking. he passed away at the age of 76 leaving behind Legacy that deserves to be admired he was one of the most profound Minds in the world. Stephen Hawking dedicated his life to opening the mysteries of the universe and he was also of prolific author.

Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous cosmologies and physicist of Modern Times. He has familiarised science and physics to the worldwide. Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 in Oxford England such as the coincidence that the famous modern-day scientist was born on the death anniversary of the father of modern science Galileo Galilei.

Remembering Stephen Hawking Journey: As A Student To Professor

Hawking father was a renowned research in tropical medicine. He desired his son to pursue a career in medicine but Stephen Hawking chooses to the study of mathematics and physics during his early day. Hawking was not an excellent student. Although his friends call him Einstein while his educational record was disappointed after some time he finds great aptitude for scientific subjects motivated by British mathematician Dikran Tahta. Hawking decided to read mathematics in the university.

He became frequently interested in physics but obviously in the study of matter and energy in college and he graduated with first class Honours in physics from the university college in Oxford in 1962. He started his postgraduate education at the Cambridge University. Hawking start about the formal study of cosmology, a study of the universe as a whole.

Motor Neurone Disease: Stephen Hawking

On his 21st birthday, Hawking was diagnosed with “motor neurone disease” commonly in early 1963 .this left the weakening was nervous and Muscular System and eventually lead to his total confinement in a wheelchair. He was not expected to live longer than 2 years. But he not only attend his PhD 1966 but also worked on the unique road toward the understanding of the cosmos.

Gk Quiz On Stephen Hawking In Hindi Part -1

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Personal Life Of Hawking

Hawking married Jane Wilde in between on the 14th of July 1965, they had 3 children Robert Tim and Lucy and Stephen Hawking and Jane Wilde separated in 1995 and a several months later Hawking married his nurse. The second marriage to end it with divorce in 2006.

Awards Received By Stephen Hawking Complete List

Hawking’s significant research was in the areas of theoretical cosmology concentrating on the development of the universe as dictated by the laws of general relativity. although Stephen Hawking most well known for his work in the research of black holes. Stephen Hawking became one of the youngest members of Britain’s most prestigious scientific body the Royal Society at the age of 32 in 1974. 5 years later Hawking was selected for the Lucasian professor of mathematics at the Cambridge University the chair that was held by Isaac Newton 300 years ago.

The British physicist visited India in January 2001 and he was awarded the first Sarojini Damodaran Fellowship by the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Mumbai. Hawking was influenced by the mathematical skills in India he made then president KR Narayanan and told him that mathematical skills seem to be a national property in the country.

Stephen Hawking received the 2015 BBVA foundation frontiers of knowledge award in basic sciences for discovering the Galaxy formed from Quantum fluctuations in the early universe. while he was awarded the lifetime achievement award for his contribution to science and British culture at the 2016 Pride of Britain awards.

Most Famous Books Worldwide Of Stephen Hawking

Hawking a prolific writer he wrote a book” A Brief History Of Time” in 1988, In this book, he explains the Origins of the universe its fundamental particles and the future.it was this book published that catapulted Hawking to International influence. the book became a description of cosmology for the crowds and contributed an overview of space and time, the existence of god and the future.

A Brief History Of Time 1988

The product was an immediate success spending more than 4 years in the London Sunday Times bestseller list since its Publication.it has sold millions of copies worldwide and been translated into more than 40 languages. to make everything comfortable for his readers, Stephen Hawking followed up with the “Universe in a nutshell” in 2001 which gave most of the explained example to cosmology is big theories.

Stephen Hawking wrote a new version of A Brief History Of time ” A Briefer History Of Time in 2005 which more clarify the first works of core theories. The Grand Design 2010 book written with American physicist Leonard Mlodinow addresses significant on answer questions regarding Universal and My brief history of a personal memoir published in 2013 in which Hawking speaks about his personal life.

Remembering Stephen Hawking Quotes

• Hawking conceded he does not have answers all the life mysteries and that we could not predict human behaviour.
• I felt it was very unfair – why should this happen to me. At the time, I thought my life was over and that I would never realise the potential I felt I had. But now, 50 years later, I can be quietly satisfied with my life write in ‘My Brief History’ book.
• It is a waste of time to be angry about my disability. One has to get on with life and I haven’t done badly. People won’t have time for you if you are always angry or complaining.

Movies On Stephen Hawkings List

Stephen Hawking also wrote many scientific lectures with papers notes and his biopic inspired Hollywood to make the movie the theory of everything that won an Oscar for actor Eddie Redmayne who portrayed Hawking in the film.

Tribute Paid To Stephen Hawkings On Death

Report of the death of Stephen Hawkings Dead Trigger tributes across the world celebrities, public figures, NASA, Narendra Modi, Tim Berners Lee, The European space agency and scientist from around the world and social media paid tribute to Stephen Hawkings and his work they all are always remembering Stephen Hawking work achievement because he inspired to millions of people. Tributes also came from the entertainment industry.

Tribute Paid To Stephen Hawking By Eminent (Tribute Speech)

Narendra Modi (Prime Minister Of India)
Professor Stephen Hawking was an outstanding scientist and academic. His grit and tenacity inspired people all over the world. His demise is anguishing. Professor Hawking’s pioneering work made our world a better place. May his soul rest in peace.

Theresa May(British Prime Minister)
Professor Stephen Hawking was a brilliant and extraordinary mind – one of the great scientists of his generation. His courage, humour and determination to get the most from life was an inspiration. His legacy will not be forgotten.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Remembering Stephen Hawking, a renowned physicist and ambassador of science. His theories unlocked a universe of possibilities that we & the world are exploring. May you keep flying like superman in microgravity, as you said to astronauts on @Space_Station in 2014.

Tim Berners-Lee(The World Wide Web)
We have lost a colossal mind and a wonderful spirit.

European Space Agency(ESA)
Space, here I come – remembering world-renowned physicist Stephen Hawking, who showed us there are no limits to achieving our dreams. Our thoughts are with his family.

Eddie Redmayne
who portrayed professor Hawking in the film biopic The theory of everything in 2014 calling him the funniest man I have ever met.

What Is ALS Disease For UPSC

ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease in effect the Nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord that cause the muscles of both the upper and lower body work. the Nerve cells lose their ability to initiate and control muscle movement which leads to Paralysis and death.

Stephen Hawking was paralyzed by “Motor Neurone Disease” and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALX at a young age of 21 in 1963. Stephen Hawkings bent over five decades of his life confined to wheelchair mostly powerless to speak except through voice synthesizer but then that couldn’t stop him from is amazing research it was his iron will and questioning mind that selected him one of the greatest scientists.

People with the disease lose control of muscle action eventually dropping their ability to eat, speak, work and ultimate breath after being diagnosed with the disease Hawking fell into a depression even though is doctors advise him to continuous studies.

Gk Quiz On Stephen Hawking In Hindi Part -2

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Communication Ways Of Stephen Hawking

Stephen Hawking communicates by using predictive text acknowledge and Infrared sensor in his glasses was used to detect the movement of Acetic muscles. We remembering Stephen Hawking so we should also remember his wheelchair It was his wheelchair the provided him wing to reach out the unknown areas of the Cosmos and expressed eye-opening theories on the creation of the universe and the black holeHawking control all the functions of is Windows Tablet PC using the just single switch. the tablet computer within i7 Processor attached to the chair also controls all the systems of the chair itself.

Stephen Hawing Thought (Full Lecture)

Artificial Intelligence
Success in creating artificial intelligence would be the biggest event in human history. Unfortunately, it might also be the last. It could design improvements to itself and outsmart us all.

Alian
The universe seems to be completely implausible and arrogant. If aliens ever visit us, I think the outcome would be much as when Christopher Columbus first landed in America, which didn’t turn out very well for the Native Americans.”

Black Hole
That a black hole can only increase never decreasing size in an interview in 1978 he said “You can ask what will happen to someone who jumps into a black hole. I certainly don’t think he will survive it. On the other hand, if we send someone off to jump into a black hole, neither he nor his constituent atoms will come back, but his mass-energy will come back. Maybe that applies to the whole universe.”

What is killing Gir forest lions, what is the cause of death of 23 lions in 20 days and what is Gujarat government is doing to stop this epidemic? Here we will read all answer related to Gir Forest lions death. The Gujarat government says canine distemper could have caused the death of the Asiatic lions in Gir since the 12th of September. All 23 lions casualties were reported in the Dalkhaniya range. The forest officials and conservationist said that At least 23 Asiatic lions died in the last 20 days at the Gir National Park in Gujarat. such a huge number blind there is such a short span of time is extremely rare.

The National Institute of virology Pune has found evidence of a viral infection in some blood and tissue samples of a dead lion. there also reports that canine distemper virus was found in few samples. CDD is a deadly contagious viral disease seen Among many wild, as well as domestic animals.

The forensic science laboratory Junagadh also found tick-borne Protozoa infection in 6 samples. this Babesiosis Protozoa infection is carried by ticks found on most cattle, canines in the wild. The Indian Veterinary Research Institute Bareilly has also reach Gujarat to collect samples. as a precautionary measure, Gir authorities capture and isolated 31 lions from places adjacent to the one where the death occurred. The infected lions are being treated at the animal care centre.

Many teams have been deployed to cover around 3000 square kilometres in order to identify the infected lions and transport them to medical centres. The sudden deaths of lions in Gujarat was first reported in mid-September this year. when forest officials revealed 11 lions died between 12 to 19 September. 10 more died between 20th and 30th September. while two more big cats died during treatment on the 1st October. the death toll makes up 3.5% of 600 the lions believe to be present in Gir.

The supreme court expresses concern over the death of big cats in the Gir forest. The apex court demands an explanation from the Gujarat government over the cause of the lion’s deaths. the Gujarat high court also made an observation. Gujarat Chief Minister Vijay Rupani term the death unfortunate and said action would be taken if negligence was found by the forest department.

Gujarat Forest Department aware of the presence of canine distemper virus since 2011 in Gir Forest’s lions. the first warning came in September 2011 when the centre for animal disease research in diagnosis and Indian Veterinary Research Institute analyse tissues form a carcass of a Gir lion.

It found the presence of highly contagious PPRV in the body is 20 lions. PPRV and Goat Plague is highly contagious and can be deadlier than CDV. Dr Richard Kock of the UK’s Royal Veterinary College warned that the disease could take the form of an epidemic and wipe out 40% of Gir’s Lion population.

In 2013, the Gujarat state biotechnology mission claims that they studied 10% of Gir’s forest lion to conclude that there was no trace of CDV or PPRV in wild population. however, in 2016 the death of four lions sent to Etawah’s lion safari Park Junagadh’s Sakkarbaug zoo attributed to canine distemper virus.

Lions expert says crammed for space, many lions in Gir live in close proximity to feral or even domestic dogs. Domestic dog species are known to carry canine distemper virus(CDV ). in 1990s CDV outbreak and wiped out nearly a third of Africa’s lions especially in Serengeti National Park Tanzania.

In 2016 one of India’s oldest and most popular lions Ram died of old age in the Gir forest. according to Gujarat Forest Department around hundred Lions annually in Gir Forest with the death rate peaking during monsoon. on an average of 31 to 32 lions in Gir forest died during the three months of monsoon at the year.

Found in Gir forest of Gujarat the Asiatic lion is one of the seven subspecies of lions that are scattered across the world. The Gir Sanctuary set up in 1965 is the only home to the Asiatic lion in the world. according to the latest census, 650 wildcats live Gir sanctuary presently. the Asiatic lion is also vulnerable to extinction due to unpredictable events.

At the end of the 19th century, the population decrease to 80 lions and lions were completely wiped out from other parts of Asia. the numbers improved thanks to the efforts of the Nawab of Junagadh, who decided to protect the lions in their own private hunting ground of the Gir.

Gir forest in Gujarat is spread across 1412 square kilometres of which 258 square kilometres is fully protected as a national park and 1153 Square kilometres as a wildlife sanctuary. Lions are categorised as critically endangered in 2000 after only 304 lions were recorded in Gir 1995 lions census.

Besides Africa Gir forest the only place in the world their lions can be seen in the wild. as it is the only area in Asia which is the natural habitat for the Asiatic lions. from a population of approximately 20 lions in 1913 the population rose nearly 650 lions in 2017. Lions populations spilling outside Gir forest also have a sizable and population. the 2015 census show that strength to be 523 lions which were 27% higher compared to the previous census in 2010 which was recorded 411 lions in the country.

Alternative Habits For Asiatic Lion

The Asiatic lions Exist as a single subpopulation in Gir. Experts feel the concentration of the entire land population at a single place exposes it to the danger of being wild out by the disease on natural calamity, excessive rain and flood in the region is also caused of concern for forest guard. In 2016 10 lions died due to floods.

How Government Is Protecting Gir Lions

In the past years, the Gujarat government has undertaken many efforts to conserve and protect these Majestic Asiatic lions. the government is also working and plans like relocating the lions to sanctuaries other then Gir to create a second home for Gir lions.

The species listed as endangered by the International Union for the conservation of nature, even though the Gir forest is well protected and the lion population has been steadily increasing in the past few years. they still facing potential threats including forest fires, epidemics and natural calamities. in the recent years, the government has made several efforts to conserve Asiatic lions.

Asiatic Lions Project

• Plan to set up second independent population at Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary in MP.
• 1990: Proposal by Wildlife Institute of India to safeguard species against potential calamities in Gir National Park.
• April 2013: SC ordered translocation of Asiatic lions from Gujarat to Madhya Pradesh.
• March 2017: Environment Ministry’s expert committee approved Kuno Palpur in MP.

Lion Breeding Programme

• Aims to create and maintain breeding centres.
• Carries out studies of the behaviour of Asiatic lions.
• Practices artificial insemination.
• Sakkarbaug Zoo at Junagadh has successfully bred 180 lions.
• 126 pure Asiatic lions sent to zoos in India and abroad.
• Census of lions conducted every five years.
• 2015 census counted 523 Asiatic Lions.
• 2017 internal count was 650.

150,000 people die every year in road accidents In a huge country like India. A report reveals that every minute in the country is facing a serious road accident and every four minutes a person dies in a road accident. Two-wheeler account for 25% of total road deaths in India.

The Modi Government introduced the Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Bill in Parliament in 2016 in a direction to control the destruction on roads and highways. It introduced strict fines for traffic crimes.

Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Bill Proposals

• Formulation of a National Transportation Policy.
• Setting up a Motor Vehicle Accident Fund.
• Scheme to provide cashless medical treatment to the injured within the first hour of a road accident.
• Deaths in hit-and-run cases: Compensation of Rs 2 lakh or more to victim’s family.
• Offences by juveniles: Guardian shall be deemed guilty; fine of Rs 25,000 with 3 years imprisonment; juvenile to be tried under the JJ Act.
• Protection of Good Samaritans

Indian Traffic Rules And Fines 2018

Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Bill Provisions

• Aadhaar mandatory for getting a driving licence and vehicle registration.
• New categories to issue driving licenses.
• Licence valid for 10 years if received between the ages of 30 and 50.
• If the licence is issued between 50 and 55 years, it will be valid until the person turns 60.
• Above 55 years, licences to carry a five-year validity.
• Time limit for renewal of driving licence increased from one month to one year before and after the expiry date.
• Mandatory to alter vehicles to make them suitable for specially-abled people.

Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 History

• The act came into force from 1 July 1989.
• The act replaces Motor Vehicles Act, 1939.
• Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 replaces the Motor Vehicles Act, 1914.
• Amended several times to keep it up to date.
• Act amended four times, in 1994, 2000, 2001 and 2015
• Act again amended in 2016.
• Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Bill, 2016 introduced in Lok Sabha on August 9, 2016.
• Passed in Lok Sabha on April 10, 2017.
• Bill renamed as the Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Bill, 2017.
• Bill referred to Rajya Sabha Select Committee on August 8, 2017.
• Select Committee tabled its report on December 22, 2017.

Road Accidents Statics In India

Sc Committee Report On Road Safety

• 2017 saw a 3% decline in road accident deaths.
• The decline in figures in Punjab, West Bengal and Gujarat.
• Rise in figures in Bihar, U.P., Odisha and M.P.

Cause Of Raod Mishaps

• Overspeeding
• Distractions to driver
• Red light jumping
• Avoiding safety gears
• Drunken driving
• Driving without a helmet
• Non-use of seat-belts
• Allowing children to drive
• Driving under influence of alcohol
• Use of mobile while driving
• Overloading in vehicles
• Driving despite exhaustion

Road Safety Worldwide Figure

• International Road Federation: Road accidents claim 12 Lakh lives every year.
• Accidents directly impact 50 lakh people.
• Property worth over $12 lakh crore destroyed in accidents.
• WHO: By 2030 road accidents will become a fifth biggest reason for deaths globally.
• By 2020, road accidents will because of over 19 lakh deaths every year.

Mca21 is a portal and its main purpose of this scheme is to convert the Ministry’s mode of operating from traditional paper to paperless. .The Ministry of Corporate Affairs was met with the difficulty of providing services to nearly 7.5 lakh corporate entities In the year 2002. Huge numbers of paperwork were to be processed then government decided to fix this problem to fight this problem that time Congress government created Mca21.

Mca21 is a plan executed by the ministry of company affairs, the government of India ( Earlier Department of company affairs, the ministry of finance, and government of India. Mca21 is envisioned to accommodate anytime and anywhere assistance to business by the ministry of company affairs.

Enabling the change

• Public-Private Partnership (PPP).
• BOOT model (Build Own Operate and Transfer).
• With total service and outcome orientation.
• Service level agreements.
• Project monitoring by external auditors/reviewers.

The Challenges Faced & Surmounted

• Pioneering first of its kind project with no references/templates.
• The short time span for implementation.
• Change Management of the Ministry employees/stakeholders.
• The absence of strong ‘End-User organization/body.

MCA21 – Key Features

• Anywhere, anytime e-filing.
• Re-engineered forms adopted for e-filing.
• Multiple payment options – including electronic payments.
• Digital signatures for authentication of documents.
• Unique Identification for Companies & Directors.
• Migration of past paper records into the proposed electronic storage.
• Electronic workflow-driven paperless Back Office in MCA.

Goals

• Ensuring speed and certainty in service fulfilment.
• Ease in conducting business.
• Online availability of MCA on a 24x7x365 basis.
• Enabled to offer efficient services to corporates.
• Easy registration and verification of charges.
• Effective compliance management & transparency.
• Efficiency, accountability & effectiveness in Service Delivery.

MCA21- Special Features

• Robust, Open, Scalable and Interoperable Standards.
• International Standards of Security.
• MCA Gateway for Access, Security & Governance.

MCA21 Achievements

• One of the most popular portals in India with a peak portal hit of 14 million on a single day.
• One of the largest digital signature implementation in the Government of India.