Buddhism बौद्ध धर्म A To Z Info | Question Asked in Previous Year SSC, UPSC exam (Hindi/English)

Lord Buddha was born in Lumbini’s forest near Kapilavastu in 563 BC his father was Śuddhodana and mother name was Shuddhan Mahamaya. Śuddhodana was the ruler of Shakya kingdom. Mother Mahamaya died on the seventh day of birth of Mahatma Buddha ie Siddhartha (name of childhood), so he was looking after by his aunt name Prajapati Gautami.

Siddhartha was married to the princess Yashodhara at the age of 16 years. A few years after the marriage Rahul was born. Although Siddhartha enjoyed all happiness, inner mind his attitude towards life total changed and one night Siddhartha left his wife and son for the search of enlightenment.

After the renunciation, Siddhartha tried to get knowledge from two Brahmins named Alar and Udrak but he did not get satisfaction. Afterwards, on the bank of the river, Niranjana reached he meets five ascetic Brahmin worshipers. He did very hard work with five Brahmins but one time again her dissatisfaction won.

After hard work, Siddhartha reached (Bihar) and sit in Samadhi under a tree and promised that unless enlightenment is received, he will not go from that place and after seated for seven days and seven nights Siddhartha become Lord Buddha. After acquiring true knowledge about life Mahatma Buddha first preached to five former brahmins and gave his first speech in Sarnath.

Gk Quiz On Buddhism In Hindi Part-1

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• सुत्तपिटक’ को प्रारम्भिक बौद्ध धर्म का एनसाइक्लोपीडिया कहा गया है।
• बौद्ध ग्रंथों में संस्कृत का प्रयोग ‘अभिधम्मपिटक’ से प्रारम्भ होता है।
• भारत से बौद्ध धर्म 12वीं शताब्दी तक विलुप्त हो गया।
• बौद्ध धर्म का प्रचार पाली भाषा में किया गया।
• बुद्ध के ‘पंचशील सिद्धान्त’ का वर्णन छांदोग्य उपनिषद् में मिलता है।
• बुद्ध के अष्टांगिक मार्ग का स्रोत तैत्तरीय उपनिषद् है।
• थेरवाद के महत्त्वपूर्ण पंथ ‘सर्वास्तिवाद’ की स्थापना राहुलभद्र ने की थी।
• बौद्ध धर्म का सर्वाधिक प्रचार कोशल राज्य में हुआ एवं बौद्ध धर्म के सर्वाधिक अनुयायी कोशल राज्य में थे। बुद्ध ने यहां सर्वाधिक 21 बार प्रवास किया था।
• दीर्घ निकाय में बौद्ध धर्म के त्रिरत्न थे – बुद्ध, संघ एवं धम्म।
• शून्यवाद के प्रवर्तक नागार्जुन एवं विज्ञानवाद के प्रवर्तक मैत्रेयनाथ थे।
• वेलवन एवं जेतवन वह स्थान थे, जहां महात्मा बुल्लू वर्षाकाल में निवारू के ।
• बुद्ध को उनके तीन नामों- बुद्ध, तथागत एवं शाक्यमुनि के नाम से जाना जाता है।
• बौद्ध धर्म के त्रिपिटक हैं-विनयपिटक, सुत्तपिटक एवं अभिधम्म पिटक।
• बुद्ध ने अपना प्रथम उपदेश ऋषिपत्तनम या मृगदाव (सारनाथ) में दिया।
• महात्मा बुद्ध अनात्मवादी थे, पर पुनर्जन्म में विश्वास करते थे।
• अनुसावन बौद्ध संघ में लाए गए प्रस्ताव के पाठ को कहा जाता था।
• बौद्ध संघ में प्रवेश पाने को ‘उपसम्पदा’ कहा जाता था।
• प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद बुद्ध के उपदेशों का सार एवं उनकी सम्पूर्ण शिक्षा का आधार स्तम्भ है।
• बुद्ध के नजदीकी शिष्यों में आनन्द, उपालि, सारिपुत्र, मौद्गल्यायन एवं देवदत्त थे।
• बुद्ध के अनयायी शासक थे-बिम्बिसार, प्रसेनजित एवं उदयन।
• बुद्ध ने सर्वाधिक उपदेश ‘श्रावस्ती’ में दिया।
• कमल एवं सांड़ बुद्ध के जन्म का, घोड़ा गृहत्याग का, पीपल ज्ञान का, पदचिह्न निर्वाण का एवं स्तूप मृत्यु का प्रतीक है।
• बुद्ध के समय के 6 नगरों का उल्लेख मिलता है। ये नगरहैं-चम्पा, राजगृह, श्रावस्ती, साकेत, कौशाम्बी एवं वाराणसी।

Buddhist Educational Centre In Ancient India:-

Nalanda University holds an important place as the centre of Buddhist education in ancient India. We get more information about this university from the Chinese people who came to India for learning Buddha-knowledge. During the 5th to 7th century, this Buddhist educational hub on the peak and Nalanda university is situated near the Rajgiri(Bihar).

Today Nalanda University ruins are spread to the Badgaon Village and there is lack of definite information about the creation of this university, Some historian said that Gupta dynasty’s ruler Kumar Gupta (414-455 AD) gave the first donation to this Buddhist Union.

According to Xuanzang, the Gupta Emperor Narasimha Gupta Baladitya established a Buddha statue of 80 feet high made by copper in near 470 AD. At the time when Xuanzang was studying in this Nalanda university, there were about 10,000 students doing practice while when Tsing was studying a number of students have been mentioned as 3,000 only and the number of teachers in this education centre was approximately 1,500.

WHAT HAPPENED AFTER MAHATMA BUDDHA DEATH

After the death of Mahatma Buddha, a struggle started in eight states to get Buddha bodies. The Buddha’s body was divided into eight parts on the advice of a Brahmin to end this struggle and these eight states created eight stupas on the body of Buddha.

प्राचीन काल के महत्त्वपूर्ण स्तूप – ‘स्तूप’ शब्द की उत्पत्ति संस्कृत के ‘स्तू’ और प्राकृत शब्द ‘यूप’ से हुई है। इसका शाब्दिक अर्थ है- ‘किसी वस्तु का ढेर’

स्तूप के 4 भेद हैं- 1. शारीरिक स्तूप, 2. पारिभोगिक स्तूप, 3. उद्देशिका स्तूप और 4. पूजार्थक स्तूप।

SOME OF THE MAJOR STUPAS OF ANCIENT TIME ARE MENTIONED BELOW:-

1. Piprhava Stupa – This stupa is located in Uttar Pradesh. During the excavation of this Stupa, archaeologist found body part of Lord Budha.

2. Bharhut Stupa – Bharhut archaeological site in Dewar, India Bharhut Stupa was discovered in 1873 by Alexander Cunningham. This stupa built on the incarnations of Lord Buddha and this is located in Satna district of Madhya Pradesh.

3. Sanchi Stupa – This stupa is located on the hill of Sanchi situated between Raipur and Raisen district between Vidisha and Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh. The number of major stupas is available here and the largest stupa is famous as Mahastupa.

4. Bodhgaya Stupa – This stupa located in Bodhgaya, Bihar, Probably the foundation of this stupa was laid by Ashoka. This stupa is made of granite or stone.

5. Amravati Stupa – Amravati Stupa located on the right bank of Krishna River in the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh. In 1797 Colonel Kalin Mackenzie was the first to discover this stupa.

6. Nagarjunakonda Stupa – Nagarjunakonda Stupa located in the property complex of Andhra Pradesh was discovered in 1926. It was constructed by the Ikshvaku rulers.

7. Sarnath Stupa – Sarnath stupa was built on the place called Sarnath near Varanasi, which was constructed by Ashoka and Sarnath village in India also a very famous place in India. The height of this stupa is 128 feet and entire stupa made of brick. It is also known as Dhamk Stupa and Dharmasik Stupa. One of its specialities is that it is built on the ground and does not have a platform like other stupas.

8. Nalanda Stupa – This is located 5 miles away from Rajghat and this stupa was built by the king Ashok.

Gk Quiz On Buddhism In Hindi Part-2

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प्राचीन भारत के महत्त्वपूर्ण चैत्यगृह विहार चैत्य गृह (गुहा मन्दिर) – बौद्ध एवं जैन मंदिर जिसमें स्तूप होते हैं, चैत्य कहलाते हैं। आधुनिक वास्तु के अनुसार चैत्य गृह पूजा स्थल को कहा जाता है जहां समूहबद्ध होकर पूजा की जाती है। प्रारम्भ में चैत्य को स्तूप का ही पर्यायवाची माना जाता था परन्तु बाद में बौद्ध वास्तुकला में इसे अलग स्थान दिया गया। चैत्य शब्द का प्रयोग मूलतः शव समाधि के लिए होता था, परन्तु बाद में बौद्ध संघ में पूजागृह को चैत्य कहा जाने लगा। बौद्ध धर्म में बुद्ध की मूर्ति के निर्माण का विधान न होने से बुद्ध प्रतीक के रूप में स्तूप पूजे जाते थे। पूजार्थक स्तूप को सम्भवतः चैत्य कहा जाता था। चैत्य गृह ध्यान, वन्दन आदि के लिए प्रयोग होता था।
चैत्य गृह दो प्रकार के थे

1. संरचनात्मक चैत्यगृह (Structural Chaityas)
2. शैलकृत चैत्यगृह (Rock-cut- Chaityas)

शैलकृत चैत्यगृह भी निम्न दो प्रकार के थे

(i) हीनयान परम्परा से सम्बन्धित चैत्यगृह
(ii) महायान परम्परा से सम्बन्धित चैत्यगृह

Buddhist Caves Ajanta And Many Other

1. Ajanta Buddhist Cave:- This is the most famous caves and this cave has located a place in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra, In this place, there are 29 fully built caves and some of them are incomplete.

Ajanta Cave can be divided into two lower classes in terms of chronological order.
. Caves of the early period
. Caves of later periods

Caves of the early period– There are 6 caves, 9 and 10 are Chety, the remaining four are 8, 12, 13 and 15 Viharas. Many archaeologists believed that these caves are constructed in first century period.

Caves of later periods– The construction of these caves after the first century, 24 caves were constructed in this period in this period. Caves number 19, 26, 29 are Chetyhome while remaining 21 caves are Vihars.

Pictures of 9th and 10th caves are very ancient in this picture they depicted political prison. Pictures of the 16th and 17th caves are showing best achievements of art. In this cave, a magnificent statue of Buddha’s Mahaparinirvana has been depicted.

Pictures of first-second caves are from the 7th century. In it, Chalukya King Pulakeshin II was shown welcoming the Persian Dutmandal.

The Ajanta Cave is world famous for its beautiful painting and these pictures are related primarily to Buddhism. Figures of Ajanta caves are an excellent example of mural painting. These pictures are the first place in the world by technically because these pictures here reflect Jataka tales(Story of the previous life of Lord Buddha).

One feature of Ajanta’s painting is that the scenes in these pictures have not been divided into separate configurations. The mural painting you can see on Ajanta caves, Veerabhadra Temple, Lepakshi and on Sanchi Stupa.

2. Barabar caves OR Nagarjuna cave – These two rock caves were built by Ashoka in the 3rd century BC in Gaya district(Bihar).
we know this from Ashoka’s inscriptions in three of the four caves located at Barabar Hill given to the monks by the Ashoka.

3. Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves- Several caves were built by cutting the mountain near Bhubaneswar but here available Chetyhouse belong to Jainism. Udayagiri Chetyhouse was constructed in the Shunga period.

4. Bhaja cave- Century – Bhaja Cave is situated in Pune district of Maharashtra. There are 22 caves in total. These include Chaitya, Vihar and Stupa. Bhaja Chetygrihi is considered the oldest example of this in this type of building.

5. Pitalkhora caves- This cave is located in the district of Aurangabad in Patalkhora. There are total 13 caves here in this cave, Cave number 3 is Chetygrihi and cave number 4 was for Vihar.

6. Karla cave – Karla cave is historical place in India and a complex of ancient Buddhist Indian rock-cut caves at Karli near Lonavala, Maharashtra.

7. Ellora caves- In the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra, 34 rocketed caves were built between 7th and 9th centuries at the place named Verul (Ellora), in which there are 1 to 12 number caves represent Buddhists and 13 to 29 number caves represent Hindus OR 30 to 34 caves are representing Jain.

Ellora Guha Temple was constructed at the time of the Rashtrakutas. The Kailashagua temple of Ellora is the most outstanding among his works, which was created by Krishna First.
Note:- You never think about cave number 10 of Ellora this cave is dedicated to Lord Vishwakarma.

8. Elephanta caves – Elephanta Cave located in Mumbai is famous for the many grand statues of mythological deities and Elephanta caves god is Lord Shiva. The statue of Trimurti Shiva is most popular in these idols. Elephanta’s cave temple was built during the times of the Rashtrasutas. Uma Mahesh Guha Temple was built in the 8th century because he is a devotee of Lord Shiva and from the ancient time and Lord Shiva is worshipping in Elephanta caves all Elephanta caves are dedicated to Lord Shiva.

9. Bagh Cave – This cave is located in Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh. There are total 9 caves, of which 1,7,8 and 9 caves are destroyed and the cave number 2 is known as Pandav cave, whereas the third cave is known as ‘Hikhkhana’ and ‘Fourth Rang Mahal’. These caves may have been built in the 5th-6th century AD.

Gk Quiz On Buddhism In Hindi Part-3

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GK QUESTION ON LORD BUDDHA AND BUDDHISM

Gk Quiz On Buddhism In Hindi Part-4

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The republican states have been called the Gantantra. Known by Buddhist texts That there were many such republic states at the time of Buddha. A list of important republics related to Buddha era.

बुद्ध के समकालीन गणराज्य

Conclusion

Our effort to provide all useful information about Lord Buddha and his religion Buddhism with this we covered all possible question related to Buddha and Buddhism. These questions are collected from previous year paper of ssc so, a student this article is very helpful for you upcoming SSC, BSSC, UPSC and Bank examination.

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